Oklahoma State Assessment Test (OSAT) Early Childhood Education Practice Test

What is the primary focus of the first stage of Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development?

1. Autonomy in toddlers

2. Building trust in infancy

3. Identity formation in adolescence

4. Industry in early childhood

The correct answer is: Building trust in infancy

The primary focus of the first stage of Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development is building trust in infancy. This initial stage, known as Trust vs. Mistrust, occurs from birth to approximately 18 months. During this critical period, infants depend on caregivers for basic needs such as food, comfort, and security. When these needs are met consistently and adequately, infants develop a sense of trust toward the world and their caregivers. This foundational experience shapes their expectations for future relationships and impacts their emotional and social development throughout life. In contrast, the other stages mentioned emphasize different developmental focuses. Autonomy in toddlers refers to the second stage, where children strive for independence. Identity formation occurs in adolescence, representing a much later stage in psychosocial development. Industry in early childhood is associated with the stage where children learn to work with others and gain a sense of competence. Each of these focuses is important, but the emphasis of the first stage specifically revolves around establishing trust, which is vital for healthy emotional development.